Super Mario Party returns to the classic Mario Party format, in which four players take turns navigating across a linear board based on how many times they've rolled the Dice Block. When a character lands on a space, they are given effects based on the space, such as a Blue Space giving the player 3 coins or a Red Space taking 3 coins away. They may also use money to purchase goods from Flutter that can assist or harm other players; these item stores are triggered by passing by them in Mario Party or landing on their respective spots in Partner Party. The game incorporates Mario Party: Star Rush's ally features, enabling players to expand their squad of characters by landing on Ally Spaces or using a Buddy Phone; allies acquired from the former are determined by a roulette, while comrades won from the latter are determined randomly. Allies contribute to Dice Rolls by adding 1 or 2 to the total, and they play in Team Minigames that are specifically allocated for them.
Players roll a dice block to establish turn order before the game begins. In Mario Party, the team with the highest overall dice count takes the first turn, but in Partner Party, the team with the highest overall dice count takes the first round. The overall objective of the game is to buy as many Stars as possible from Toadette, who serves as the game's host. Toadette will teleport to another place on the board when a player has purchased a Star for ten coins. In Mario Party, players may purchase Stars by passing by Toadette, but in Partner Party, players must land on the Star Space to earn Stars from Toadette.
Super Mario Party offers the option of utilizing character-specific dice before rolling, allowing players to choose between the normal 1-6 Dice Block and the character's unique Dice Block, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Players can utilize their assigned Dice Block instead of receiving allies if they obtain allies.
At the end of each round, players choose a minigame from a roulette wheel, and the type of minigame is decided by the squares they landed on. A Free-for-all minigame is triggered if all players arrive on the same-colored space. A 1-vs-3 minigame is played if one player falls on a different, non-green area than the other players. Players who land on the same-colored space are assigned in the same team. A 2-vs-2 minigame is played if players land on an equal number of non-green squares, with teams based on color; Team Minigames may be added to the mix, with the player's current allies participating if they are received. If a player lands on a Green Space, the color is chosen at random from blue or red. Players can see the rules and practice before playing the minigame; each minigame has its own set of rules and controls. Players can play out their actions in the minigame's instruction menu before starting the game, obviating the need for rehearsal. The person who wins the minigame receives the most coins, while players who do poorly receive fewer coins. Free-for-all, 2-vs-2, and Team Minigames are all available in Partner Party; owing to the mode's lack of colored squares, all of these minigames appear in the Minigame Roulette.